"A treatise which ought to be in the hands of every mineralogist, and indeed in the possession of naturalists of every description."-Inverness Courier, 1822

"I had been struck by the beautiful colour of the sea when seen through the chinks of a straw hat... according to Werner nomenclature 'Indigo with a little Azure blue."-Charles Darwin, 1832

SYME, PATRICK (1774-1845), flower-painter, was born in Edinburgh on 17 Sept. 1774, and there educated. He occasionally practised portraiture, but is best known as a flower-painter, and in the early Scottish exhibitions, which began in 1808, his flower-pieces were much admired.

In 1803 he took up his brother's practice as a drawing-master, and subsequently his time was largely devoted to teaching. In 1810 Syme published 'Practical Directions for Learning Flower Drawing, ' and in 1814 a translation of Werner's 'Nomenclature of Colours.'

He was one of the associated artist members of the Royal Institution, but took a leading part in the foundation of the Scottish Academy, occupying the chair at the first meeting in May 1826, and was one of the council of four then appointed to manage its affairs.

Towards the close of his life he was art master at Dollar academy. Syme was a student of botany and entomology, and made many excellent drawings of natural history.

In 1823 he issued a 'Treatise on British Song Birds.' He married a daughter of Lord Balmuto, the Scots judge, and died at Dollar, Clackmannanshire, in July 1845.

-A Biography from Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 55

WERNER, Abraham Gottlob, a German mineralogist, born at Wehrau, Upper Lusatia, Sept. 25, 1750, died in Dresden, June 30, 1817. He completed his studies at Freiberg and Leipsic, and from 1775 till his death was professor of mineralogy and geology at the Freiberg mining academy.

He was early regarded as the first mineralogist of his time, and his lectures were attended by great numbers of students from all parts of Europe. He opened separate courses for various branches of study, and in 1785 one relating to geology, which he was the first to raise to the importance of a science by pointing out its application to the practical purposes of mining.

As early as 1774 he had published Von den äusserlichen Kennzeichen der Fossilien (translated into French by Mme. Guyton de Morveau, Paris, 1790; into English by Weaver with notes, Wernerian society, Edinburgh, 1849-'50), which, though only a brief essay, was said by Cuvier to have revolutionized mineralogy by giving precision to the terminology and classification of that science. His principles were widely disseminated by his pupils, among whom were Karsten and Robert Jameson, the latter of whom about 1845 established at Edinburgh the Wernerian society.

Antagonistic views on certain points were advocated by his contemporary Dr. Hutton of Edinburgh, and geologists were long divided into the Wernerian and Huttonian parties.

He was never married. His few works include Kurze Classification und Beschreibung der Gebirgsarten (Dresden, 1787), and his celebrated Neue Theorie über Entstehung der Gänge (Freiberg, 1791; translated into French by Daubuisson, Paris, 1803; into English by Charles Anderson, "New Theory of the Formation of Veins, with its Application to the Art of Working Mines," Edinburgh, 1809). His collection and manuscripts came into the possession of the Freiberg academy. Cuvier's eulogy of him is included in his Éloges historiques, edited by Flourens (Paris, 1860).

-A Biography from The American Cyclopaedia, 1879.